Musical Form And Structure

Musical Form And Structure What is the difference between music and noise? In a personal point of view, one important difference is that music makes sense. It has its own structure, basic patterns and it shows how composers made the pieces by their logic as well as their elaborate management. Therefore I would say, a piece without any structure and form can be only called noise instead of music. To research the structures and forms of a piece, we have to know what the structure is as well as what the form is, when I was studying in schools, I thought the structure is the different themes and how they were connected to each other; the form would be sonata form, ternary or something like minuet. After getting deeper into some Twentieth Century composers and their music, I realized it is not as simple as that. Firstly, the structure in music means the complex composition of musical knowledge or experiments as elements and their combinations. And the form in music means the shape and the figure throughout the whole work. I consider that in music, structure and form are both extremely important somehow we can analyze structure by a macro view and seek form by a micro view. Children who study in music schools learn some early period formal music structures and forms such as analyzing pieces by Bach and Beethoven We all knew about many basic forms in music since childhood. But in the modern world, music gets mystic and complicated. For some audiences, it is impossible to realize any structure in contemporary music such as John Cages piece: 433. They think the piece was just composed like a blank paper. Structure and form seems never existed in this music. I have to say, people whom consider contemporary music does not have structure or form just do not understand the music itself at all. Everything has a reason to be there, such as composers have their own notions of creating music. To prove this view, and to show the forms and structures in John Cages 433, I will analyze this piece below. 1. Introduction John Cage has made a huge experiment on this composition 433 to the world. Unfortunately the first performance of this piece was like a scandal. It was written in 1952, his so-called piece in silence. Performers basically go on to the stage and play nothing for exactly four minutes and thirty-three seconds. At the premiere some listeners did not even realize they had heard anything at all. Obviously audiences were angry and felt being deceived after the concert. The premiere was performed by the young pianist David Tudor at Woodstock, New York, on August 29, 1952.1 433 was written for any instrument or any instruments combination. NOTE: The title of this work is the total length in minutes and seconds of its performance. At Woodstock, N.Y., August 29, 1952, the title was 433 and the three parts were 33, 240, and 120. It was performed by David Tudor, pianist, who indicated the beginnings of parts by closing, the endings by opening, and the keyboard lid. However, the work may be performed by (any) instrumentalist or combination of instrumentalists and last any length of time.2 FOR IRWIN KREMEN JOHN CAGE _________________________ 1 J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (USA, 1961), 102. 2 J.Cage, A year from Monday: new lectures and writings (USA, 1985), 77. From the statement above, we can already see some basic structures in this piece: it is divided in three parts, and the lengths of them were 33, 240 and 120. (There are two ways of dividing this music, which I have mentioned below) 2. Materials John Cage has used a few materials, or elements to compose 433. Through this piece, Tacet (As the image of the score shows) is one of the materials. However, another material which people always ignore is the division of tacets. Image of John Cages writing of this piece Base on the score, Cage used division twice to make three tacets in the whole piece. And these two divisions and three tacets formed this composition logically, thus:  ¼Ã‹â€ I ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °TacetDivision ¼Ã‹â€ II ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °TacetDivision ¼Ã‹â€ III ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Tacet 3. Analyze Cage has clearly shown the tacet in this piece. But about the division, we can analyze it in different ways. If we think mathematically, use tacets and divisions to build a function: If division is independent variable x, the musical form is dependent variable y, then based on the function mode y=f(x), we can get this: Form = Tacets (Divisions) Now we calculate this mode, we get two different results: 1. Tacet-Division-Tacet-Division-Tacet If we make Division bigger and bigger, then it becomes the part of the piece, (as important as tacets), therefore we can get this musical form: A-B-A-B-A 2. Tacet-(Division)-Tacet-(Division)-Tacet If we make Division smaller and smaller, until it has but only has the ability of dividing Tacets, then we can get this musical form: A1-A2-A3 Those two forms we all have studied in early schools, so I am not going to talk about them further here. As we can see from this image statement, John Cage has given some freedom in this piece to the performers The performance in Woodstock gave the timings 33, 240, and 120, but the original print program says that the timings were 30, 223, and 140. Also as I mentioned above, this silent piece could be played by any single instrument or any combination of instruments. It is a freedom piece But that does not mean this piece has no form however it divides, we can still find the forms. People may ask, although the piece has a form such as A-B-A-B-A or A1-A2-A3, it still does not have a very convictive structure. How did John Cage make three movements out of this piece and how did he determine the length for each of them? These three parts seem unlikely balanced and managed. Well, in that case, Cage has pointed to this particular Tarot card formation when shown a number of possible configurations: This is one of the most complicated configurations and is organized in three parts of concentric horseshoes. Each horseshoe has represented one movement, with these cards which bearing a length that could have been plus to the duration of each movement. The point above seems to be able to answer a lot of questions about the structure of this silent piece. It illustrates how the movements were built up by those little silent cards, also how the composer can know when a movement finishes, why he made this piece into three parts. Somehow these questions seem to have a greater effect on what we hear. However, we can suppose that he used these cards for his composition and it shows the decision of three movements. When people asked about the differences in time lengths of the scores, Cage said that it could be of any length. This does not mean that the formal structure of this piece could be violated at all. He said that it would still be titled 433, also the durations of the movements mu st be determined by some type of chance procedure, and it must be in three movements. 3 This piece seems to be very difficult for performers after seen this Tarot Cards formation. Because it becomes so easy to make mistakes and miss the beats. But Cage said that this is not the point. The point is about the feeling it creates, both the performers and audiences are dispensable. What the piece needs is a devoted and interesting listener. However, those methods which Cage used for 433 have offered the audiences a huge freedom area. The point, the meaning of this piece has changed. Normally we try the best to do what composer says on the score, now we do what we feel and define our own potentials. The structure that Cage used was mathematical for composer as well as humanized for performers and listeners. Although this piece has no harmony and melody lines, it still has a strong meaning. The spirit of Cage, like what Alex Ross said about this piece in his book The music was the sound of the surrounding space. It was at once a head-spinning philosophical statement and a Zen- like ritual of contemplation 4 To conclude, structure in music is the sense which composer has given; form in music is the shape and the propriety which composer wants to represent. In the premiere of 433, audiences were angry and negative, but after understood the inner sense and getting deeper into the purpose of Composer, people loved it. When you could not find the structure or the form in any particular piece, it does not mean that they were not existed. As I have said, everything has a reason to be there, such as composers have their own notions of creating music. The real music only appears after researching and understanding. ______________________________ 3 J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (USA, 1961), 109 4 R.Alex, The Rest is Noise, listening to the Twentieth Century (USA, 2007), 401 Selected bibliography: Books: -J.Cage, Silence: Lectures and Writings (1961, USA) -R.Alex, The Rest is Noise, listening to the Twentieth Century (2007, USA), 401 -P.Yates, Twentieth Century Music (1967, London) -J.Cage, A year from Monday: new lectures and writings (1985, USA), 77. -P.Marjorie, J.Charles, John Cage: composed in America (1994, USA), 193 Articles: -L.Eleni, Learning from Masters of Music Creativity: Shaping Compositional Experiences in Music Education, Philosophy of Music Education Review, 15.2 (2007), 93-117 -C.Hong, John Cage with his silence piece, Zhong Hua Music Review, 17.2 (2003), 78-92 Websites -S.David, Unreconstructed Modernist, the Atlantic online (Accessed September 1995), http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/95sep/boulez.htm

The Kyoto Protocol Essay -- Environment USA Carbon Emissions Essays Pa

The Kyoto Protocol The Protocol: In December of 1997 the industrial nations of the world met in Kyoto, Japan to discuss a protocol that would require each nation to reduce their emission levels of greenhouse gases. On average the protocol required a 5.2% reduction on emission of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon-dioxide, in each signatory nation. 1 However some nations, like the U.S. who were obligated to reduce emissions by 7% of their 1990 levels by 2012, were required to reduce emission levels more or less than the average of 5.2% based on the current levels the nation emits. By March 16, 1997 the protocol was opened for signature and the first nations to sign were Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Maldives, Western Samoa, Switzerland and St. Lucia. Today 84 nations have signed the protocol and 104 have ratified it, accepted it, approved it, or come to an accession. 2 Although the United States under the Clinton Administration did originally sign the protocol; under the Bush Administration, in March of 2001, the U.S officially backed out of the Kyoto Protocol.3 According to President Bush the Kyoto Protocol "makes no economic sense, it makes no common sense." 4 Economically he was worried about the effects of the California energy crisis along with the threat of a recession. 5 In addition President Bush rejected the Kyoto Protocol because of its failure to include developing countries like China which is the second largest producer of greenhouse gases. 6 However, other nations of the world and our own nation saw it as "a moral lapse by the world's biggest polluter." 7 The United States, which only has 4% of the world's population, creates 25% of the pollution. 8 In an article written for the Seattle Times, Eric Sorensen f... ...February 9, 2003) 14. Shogren, Elizabeth. "Bush Pushes to Cut U.S. Greenhouse Emissions." June 10, 2001. Los Angeles Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 15. Pianin, Eric. "Bush Offers No Alternative to Kyoto Treaty." Washington Post. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 16. Shogren, Elizabeth. "Bush Pushes to Cut U.S. Greenhouse Emissions." June 10, 2001. Los Angeles Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 17. Brodeur, Nicole. "City Thinks Global, Skips Things Local." July 24, 2001. Seattle Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003) 18. Forgrave, Reid. "Resolution Sent to Council for Global-Warming Action." July 20,2001. Seattle Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com (accessed February 9, 2003)

Electronic Medical Records vs. Paper Charting

Electronic Medical records vs. Paper Medical Charts By: Diedre Fitzgerald Rasmussen College Summer 2012 English Composition; Professor Pauley Electronic Medical records vs. Paper Medical Charts It is no secret that the medical profession deals with some of population’s most valuable records; their health information. Not so long ago there was only one method of keeping medical records and this was utilizing paper charts. These charts, although still used in many practices today, have slowly been replaced by a more advanced method; electronic medical records or EMR’s. The manner in which information is currently employed in healthcare is highly inefficient, which slows down communication and can, as a result, reduce the emergence and discovery of problems. Accelerating communication and the use of information creates new opportunities to improve healthcare, but also new opportunities for problems to occur† (Ethan, Norman, Prashila, Samuel, 2011, p. 3-4). Although t hey are very reliable, paper medical records are becoming a thing of the past while electronic medical records are among one of the new advancements in our technologically savvy world.Both paper charts and EMR’s ultimately give clinicians and patients the same result but the journey is far from similar; A paper free work environment was once something to only imagine but in our present day is this new age technology exactly what we imagined? Paper medical records are something that most anyone who has been in the medical field for more than a few years are familiar with. This method of patient charting is very cut and dry and keeps true to its form of being a reliable source of information on a patient.According to the Law and Contemporary Problems Journal, the main function of paper medical records is to serve as a container or storage device that is occasionally opened to add new information while at the same time, preserving an authoritative method of treatment (Ethan, Nor man, Prashila, Samuel, 2011). Another essential need when dealing with any kind of medical record is security. While paper charts only consist of ink and paper they provide a sufficient amount of security because they are hard copies of raw data that cannot be hacked into and/ or ccidentally viewed by the wrong eyes unless someone physically has the chart in their hands. On the other side of the spectrum is a relatively new concept; electronic medical records or EMR’s are booming in many areas of the medical field. EMR’s do much more than just keep records. Electronic health records (as they are sometimes referred to) or â€Å"EHR’s, have a wide range of information and communications technology (ICT) capabilities. EHRs do not simply provide the user with a larger and more convenient record; they provide a record that is continuously linked to other sources† (Ethan, Norman, Prashila, Samuel, 2011, p. 8). There are endless possibilities when it comes to EM R’s. According to many health care professionals, one feature about everything going electronic is the fact that any chart can be accessed at any time by anyone who is allowed access to it, therefore, eliminating the need to wait around on charts to be used by doctors, nurses, therapists etc. â€Å"EMR’s make my life so much easier, I do not have to wait for a doctor to finish dictating in the patients chart to start what I need to do with the insurance portion† (Olivia Widner Pre services coordinator, US Oncology, 2012).In the March issue of Massage Magazine, author Brandi Schlossberg (2012) discusses the enthusiasm about going â€Å"paperless† within different massage practices. â€Å"Going paperless is the best paper decision you can make, and it's something all of us can do to make a difference,† said Timonie Hood (2010), zero waste coordinator with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Pacific Southwest. â€Å"Going paperless elimi nates all the environmental costs and impacts associated with paper† (Schlossberg, 2012, p. 46).Not only are EMR’s the â€Å"green† option between the two but they also take up less space, require less staff to process paperwork, can be backed up on a hard drive to ensure an extra blanket of security and keep the files safe with protection. Just as with paper medical charts, security of the information is an issue to a lot of people and in its own way EMR’s take precaution in keeping people out of the charts that should not be there. Almost all EMR programs are equipped with password protection. Although EMR’s may be taking over the medical world, paper medical charts emain the most well recognized form for keeping medical records. There are however some things within paper charts that some medical personnel might argue make it a primitive aspect of the medical field. One argument in itself is that the abundance of paper that is utilized in paper ch arting doesn’t stand up to the â€Å"green† society we aspire to live in today. â€Å"Paper charting used to take so long, the papers would always get unorganized, they took up so much room in the nurses’ station and the worst was waiting for a doctor to finish with a chart so I could chart what I needed to† (Brittney Guggino LPN, 2012).Another acknowledged concern with paper medical charts is the illegible handwriting of clinicians, which is a common, longstanding problem. Being unable to read orders clearly creates an added risk when dealing with patients treatments, medications etc. Paper charts may be familiar but they come with many downfalls and it’s these downfalls which may sway a person’s decision in the opposite direction in regards to the keeping of medical records.Just as with any new advancement in our hi-tech world, EMR’s have some kinks that need to be worked out and in a lot of cases just dealt with. The cost of implem enting and maintaining an EMR system is significantly larger than that of a paper charting system. â€Å"The CBO recently conducted a study and reported that, on average, EHR implementation costs for hospitals amount to approximately $14,500 per bed for implementation. Annual operating costs amount to $2,700 per bed per year† (Dell, 2010).Some of the medical professionals that have been in the profession for a while may find it difficult to adjust to this completely new way of charting. The same populations of people who have trouble navigating a computer fall short of the typical learning curve when it comes to learning this new method of charting. According to the Health Information Management Journal â€Å"Going paperless is great, but going fully automated paperless is impressive† (Boo, Noh, Kim, Kim, 2011, p. 12). While this may be true, consider how this will affect the job market.There are thousands of people who are clerks, receptionists and medical assistants whose jobs are primarily filing, copying, assembling charts etc. Due to companies moving toward EMR systems, a lot of people are losing their jobs because there is no need for them because the computer is taking over their job, not to mention taking away the personable feel that is found in most offices and or hospitals. â€Å"I used to work at Tampa General Hospital as a clerk on one of the units but because we recently switched to a computer charting system I quit my job due to lack of hours.The only thing I stayed for in the end was scanning paper charts into the new electronic versions† (Justin Mukhalian, telemetry tech, 2012). Either way we view the evolution of medical charts we all know eventually paper products will dissipate so much to the point where they are hardly used in any aspect of our lives; this is just the nature of the beast. Electronic medical records were once a thing of the future, but the future is now and paper medical charts are becoming a practice o f the past.Both methods focus on providing the patient with quality healthcare while providing useful information for other clinicians reviewing patients’ charts to provide that same quality of care. With anything in life, you take the good with the bad and in regards to medical records it is ultimately about what is best for the practice, the patient and clinician. Paper charts are simple, familiar, and almost foolproof but EMR’s are modern, organized, and environmentally friendly.More than 20 years ago, businesses began anticipating a paperless workplace. Today, professionals continue to integrate the latest electronic systems into their business plans hoping to achieve a ‘paper-free’ environment. Is this the right move for our society? Only time will tell. References Cote, C. (2010, October). Going â€Å"paperless† or â€Å"fully automated paperless†? American Chiropractor, 32(10), 22-23. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. rasmussen. edu/? ehost/? detail? id=4;hid=104;sid=2b51330e-5843-4272-ba93-36c23c748071%40sessionmgr114;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=awh;AN=54575534 Dell inc. (2010). Electronic health record implementation: Costs and benefits. Retrieved from http://www. perotsystems. com/? MediaRoom/? library/? ServiceOverviews/? ServiceOverview_CostsAndBenefits. pdf Ethan, K. , Norman, S. , Prashila, D. , ; Samuel, S. (2011). Is there an app for that? Electronic health records and a new environment of conflict prevention and resolution. Law and Contemporary Problems, 74(3), 31-56. Retrieved from

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 1261 Words

There will come a day when such men as myself will view the slaughter of innocent creatures as horrible a crime as the murder of his fellow man- Our task must be to free ourselves- by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole nature and its beauty. -Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Animal testing is an issue in today s general public that, regardless if anybody understands it, does influence each of us. Is some some testing needed by law? Medical advances, for example, transplants, antibodies, and drugs were all tried on animals before they were utilized on people. However, does government law guarantee that creatures utilized as a part of examination and testing are dealt with compassionately? Today†¦show more content†¦This bars feathered animals, fish, rats, cold blooded animals and farm animals (regardless of warm or cold blood) from experimentation. This Act requires reports on the testing and treatment of all creatures, but, allows tes ting that many feel goes too far. The strongest support for animal testing and analysis is that there has been a plethora of groundbreaking, lifesaving and substantial advancements in the field of medical science on account of the experimentation performed on animals. Studies have demonstrated that in the course of 100 years, real leaps forward in medical science were found through animal testing (no less than 85 percent). If not for puppies, insulin never would have been made in medicinal labs for the treatment of diabetes. Without chimpanzees, an immunization for Hepatitis B never would have been found. There are numerous different cures and antibodies that have been made and discovered because of testing. The absence of human volunteers and stringent laws about the misuse of a human being make animals a likely source. Animals have numerous biological structures that are fundamentally the same to a human’s that they are the ideal substitute for a one. Their organs work like a human’s, and many are smaller in size, making it less demanding for specialists and researchers to learn and study with. Since many medical studies include potentially poisonous materials, it is unlawful to put a man

Funny Quotes About Women

Women are not easy to understand, at least according to the famous authors, poets,  entertainers, and comedians who have written on the nature of women. None of them claim to fully fathom the female mind. Find out what they really think of these  funny quotes about women — some written by men, some by women. Read wisecracks about a womans nature that make most women exclaim, Whats all the fuss about? But men say, How true, how true! Will Rogers There are two theories to arguing with a woman. Neither works. Robert Heinlein Women and cats will do as they please, and men and dogs should relax and get used to the idea. Nancy Reagan A woman is like a tea bag. She only knows her strength when put in hot water. Sigmund Freud Despite my thirty years of research into the woman soul, I have not yet been able to answer the great question that has never been answered: What does a woman want? Margaret Mead I do not believe in using women in  combat  because females are too fierce. Aristotle If women didnt exist, all the money in the world would have no meaning. James Thurber I hate women because they always know where things are. Malcolm de Chazal A woman knows how to keep quiet when she is in the right, whereas a man when he is in the right, will keep on talking. Freya Stark The great and almost only comfort about being a woman is that one can always pretend to be more stupid than one is and no one is surprised. Gloria Steinem Someone once asked me why women dont gamble as much as men do and I gave the commonsensical reply that we dont have as much money. That was a true but incomplete answer. In fact, womens total instinct for gambling is satisfied by marriage. Some of us are becoming the men we wanted to marry. Dave Barry Scientists now believe that the primary biological function of breasts is to make men stupid. Joseph Conrad Being a woman is a terribly difficult task since it consists principally in dealing with men. Ogden Nash I have an idea that the phrase weaker sex was coined by some woman to disarm some man she was preparing to overwhelm. Virginia Woolf For most of history, Anonymous was a woman. Charlotte Whitton Whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily this is not difficult. Chris Rock There are only three things women need in life: food, water, and compliments. Mae West Good girls go to heaven. Bad girls go everywhere. Mike Vanatta Woman arent confusing. Theyre a Sudoku-Jenga puzzle surrounded by Rubiks cubes strapped to a terrorist screaming at you in another language. Ann Landers Women complain about sex more often than men. Their gripes fall into two major categories: (1) Not Enough. (2) Too Much. Harry Haenigsen Feminine intuition is a fiction and a fraud. It is nonsensical, illogical, emotional, ridiculous and practically foolproo..

Energy Sources For Alternative Energy - 930 Words

The constant increase and release of carbon dioxide emissions into our environment have drastic effects on our environment. These greenhouse gases warm the earth impacting its naturally occurring events and processes, such as acid rain, destruction of natural habitats, and even influencing the natural flow of the currents in our oceans. The goal has been to create diverse methods of generating powerful, dependable energy sources that do not have negative repercussions on our environment. Alternative energy refers to sources that do not create undesired consequences, such as fossil fuels do (Alternative Energy 2015). Not only are emissions from fossil fuels concerning, but also these resources are not going to be available for our use forever, making changes for alternative energy sources a pressing topic of discussion. British Petroleum and Royal Dutch Shell, two of the world’s largest oil companies, predict that by 2050, one third of the world’s energy will have to come from some type of alternative energy source (Alternative Energy 2015). Constant growth of population, climate changes, and depletion of fossil fuels makes it necessary for renewables to play a bigger role in powering our world. These resources are often thought to be ‘free’ sources of energy because they are naturally occurring events used to form electric power (Alternative Energy 2015). In addition, all of these forms have a large decrease in carbon emissions compared to conventional energy sourcesShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Sources1852 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor problem. This problem is the need for alternative energy sources which can be converted into electricity because the main energy source currently used is coal and the coal deposits will not last forever. The main alternative energy sour ces that many countries are currently researching are wind, solar, hydro and nuclear. But there is currently another source of energy that is heavily debated to see whether the pros outweigh the cons. This energy source is natural gas. The main reason for the heavyRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources1123 Words   |  5 PagesRough Draft: Alternative Energy Sources Imagine a world where sea levels have risen, a world where extreme weather happens more often and with more intensity, and a world that has very few species of animals left due to mass extinctions. (Environmental Protection Agency) But that future is still avoidable. The answer is renewable energy sources. Alternative energy sources are sources of energy that does not use fossil fuels, and generally are clean and renewable. (Jessa) Some examples include solarRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources1704 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative Energy Sources Air pollution, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels, amounts for about 7 million deaths each year. On average, 1 in 8 deaths are caused by some type of air pollution. Fossil fuels are burned every day to keep the world functioning but are accompanied by tremendous amounts of pollution. The world needs energy sources that are as effective as fossil fuels but that come with less harmful pollutants than fossil fuels do. An effort must be made to pull away fromRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources894 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Energy Sources â€Å"In United States around half of million deaths each year are attributed to air pollution. It is estimated that air pollution each day kills three people in the city of Hong Kong. Air pollution also contributes to soil and water pollution. More than 15,000 people in the world die each day because of water pollution† (pollutionfacts.com). With these statistics, it is no wonder people are coming up with alternative energy sources. From energy to gasoline, there are manyRead MoreGreatpoint Energy : An Alternative Source Of Energy712 Words   |  3 PagesGreatPoint Energy Company Description- GreatPoint Energy specializes in producing of clean and low cost natural gas using coal, petroleum coke and biomass. GreatPoint energy (GPE) has developed a catalytic hydromethanation process known as bluegasâ„ ¢ which is used for this conversion process. GreatPoint Energy prides themselves for their highly efficient, and environmentally safe product. Even more fascinating is that the natural gas produced is interchangeable with drilled gas and there is no needRead MoreSources Of Alternative Energy Sources926 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Energy Sources Alternative energy sources are becoming more and more popular. The most important alternative energy sources are solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean, and hydropower energies. Their main advantage lies in the resumption of energy resources. This paper will give information about each of sources as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Solar energy The Sun is a leading environmentally clean energy source. The process of generating electricity from sunlight has beenRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources2141 Words   |  9 PagesWhat are alternative energy sources? Alternative energy sources are forms of energy that use natural resources to produce energy. There are three main alternative energy sources that can be used in the place of fossil fuels, which are Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are decreasing and eventually will run out. Usage of fossil fuels cause harm to the environment by producing greenhouse gasses. Alternative energy sources are not harmful to the environmentRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy Sources2142 Words   |  9 PagesWhat are alternative energy sources ? Alternative energy sources are forms of energy that use natural resources to produce energy. There are three main alternative energy sources that can be used in the place of fossil fuels, which are Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are decreasing and eventually will run out. Usage of fossil fuels cause harm to the environment by producing greenhouse gasses. Alternative energy sources are not harmful to the environmentRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Energy Sources2415 Words   |  10 Pages Abstract This report is on Alternative Energy Sources of Nuclear, Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric energies. It is an exploration of why are they termed â€Å"non-renewable. â€Å"Additionally, I will address the questions for each of the four type’s nuclear, solar, wind, and hydroelectric, how is it generated and what technology is required. I will also explore the advantages and disadvantages to the use of alternative sources as energy sources. Finally, I will address the specific environmental impactsRead MoreThe Alternative Source Of Energy1578 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative Source of Energy Over the past years, scientist began thinking deeper into the possibilities for energy that is renewable. They mostly looked into the sun as there number one source, the wind and other renewable options. Indeed, the sun for many years has provided heat for the earth whereby the energy it produces warms the earth directly and also indirectly. By so doing the heat makes water to evaporate lakes and other water sources like rivers and streams that eventually falls back to

Tourism Slogan free essay sample

TITLE: Tourism Slogan Its effectiveness in Marketing the Country A. Introduction In the past few months, news of the Department of Tourisms (DOT) new slogan for attracting tourists into the country quickly spread. Apparently, the DOTs replacement for â€Å"WOW Philippines† is â€Å"Pilipinas, Kay Ganda†. The tourism department received a lot of criticisms about the change. Critics questioned the rationale behind the change and whether using the local language will attract tourists.WOW Philippines has been used in the past years and was an effective promotional phrase because it is short, easy to remember and can easily be understood by everyone especially the foreigners. Conceptualized by then tourism chief and now Senator Richard Gordon, the word WOW means Wealth of Wonders among others. There are some in favor of this new slogan â€Å"Pilipinas, Kay Ganda† because they wanted to be used our own language in our country itself. But some are disagree and they still want the previous slogan WOW Philippines because they think that the government are maybe rushed in coming out with a new brand. But what we need is something that can be understood by any nationality and would create a great impact to every individual. The latest criticism and accusations making the rounds of social networking sites on the Internet is that the Pilipinas Kay Ganda logo was lifted from Polands own tourism campaign, â€Å"Polska†. A check with the official travel website of Poland showed that indeed, their logo has a striking similarity to Pilipinas Kay Ganda from the font, the colors, and even the use of a tree (well granted, that of the Philippines is a coconut tree, while that of Poland is, well a common tree).Theres a lot of speculations about our slogan that is not yet done. A debate that is still existing. Meanwhile, The DOT Secretary Alberto Lim says The latest effort by the government to craft and communicate an all-encompassing message to the world about what Singapore is all about, what makes it unique and great is likely to fail. It went on to argue that Singapore has firmly established itself as the premiere business destination. Why repackage Singapore to mean something else? Why fix it when it a int broke? Similarly, some people are questioning the wisdom of our own rebranding. Why not just build on the brand equity of Wow Philippines? With our limited budget, can we really successfully launch and sustain a new brand? The answer is quite simple. At a time when every nation, big or small, is either creating a new brand or repackaging their current ones, would you rather rehash an 8-year old brand? Besides, a new brand always generates a buzz that translates to more media mileage for the same promotional budget. Even more importantly, this is a good opportunity for us to express in a fresh manner the hope and optimism that the Aquino administration represents.Finally, let me just say that a brand, by itself no matter how solid the concept is, no matter how stunning the visuals are and how compelling the slogan is, no matter how big the budget is cannot guarantee success.  ¬ Singapore launched its new brand early this year. And already, they have achieved their arrival target for the year as early as October. We can only conclude that Singapore has successfu lly repositioned itself from a business destination to one where you can work and play. Of course, the brand launch was timed with the opening of a theme park and casinos.Without a doubt, Singapore’s old brand was relevant to its primary market –the business traveler. It was believable. The business and communications infrastructure were in place. And it was distinctive. Singapore was one of the few, if not the only one, who can claim to be the business hub in the region. When they expanded their market to include the leisure traveler, they needed to project a new Singapore. The idea of a â€Å"work and play† destination was certainly relevant to this new market. The casinos and theme park made it believable.And once again, Singapore can lay claim to that distinctive brand. Of course, a brand must also have attractive visuals and a catchy slogan. And Singapore’s new brand has that too. Now, we are looking forward which is the best slogan in tourism industry. If it is better in marketing the country and why does this slogan needs to be improve? or by this slogan, there is a possibility to effectively market the country? or this positioning statement for the country’s tourism promotion efforts may possibly go down in advertising and marketing communications as classic case of ineffective branding? We are targeting the students in Lyceum of the Philippines University taking up Bachelor Science in Tourism and faculty members in our CITHM (College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management) department as our respondents. The country’s new tourism slogan may not be accepted a hundred percent by everyone because of the different opinions of every individual. And because of that, we thought of using some strategies that may be applied in marketing the slogan and so as the country.The DOT may market the new slogan to the people by advertising it on television, radio, newspaper, and posting of tarpaulins. These may caught the interest of the individuals to involve themselves in marketing the country by supporting the new tourism slogan of the Philippines. And also , these strategies may inculcate to their minds the significance of using our own language in marketing the country. So they may understand why DOT come up with the new brand â€Å"Pilipinas,kay Ganda† rather than sticking to the previous slogan â€Å"WOW Philippines†.This study will determine the effectiveness of Tourism slogan in marketing the country. B. Background (History of the Problem) The history of the Tourism slogan of the country (Philippines) will determine the answers to the problem and the rationale of its change. The Philippines have a new administration. Naturally, everything must be renewed. Even including that slogan, WOW Philippines which is identified with the Arroyo administration. WOW Philippines slogan, might have worked in the past. It is doubtful if it is still. But since the Philippines is on new beginning it is but proper to repackage our country, slogan included. WOW Philippines is the slogan at the time when its leader was involved in many anomalies. It is the slogan in a time where the rulers abused their powers and it is the slogan when the country suffered from bad governance. This might just be a slogan but it is attached to the past administration. Why there is so much trouble about the present administrations act of changing anything attached to the past administration?Also, all of the slogan of former President of the Philippines Erap Estrada before Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (GMA) were replaced that of her. Those who are complaining now were the ones cheering when Gloria Arroyo unleash his broom to sweep all the appointees of Erap Estrada. Now, WOW Philippines attains no right to be the country’s tourism slogan. The change of the slogan was made after a very full research aimed at improving the tourism industry. The problem with the people of the past administration is that it thinks it has the monopoly of good ideas.If that were so, this country could have attained a first world status, after 9 years of their brilliant governance. Instead it still remain the sick man of Asia at part only of the economic rankings of lesser developed Asian countries. And what are the opposition Congressman doing when they join the chorus of protest against the new slogan? Current Philippine President Benigno Aquino III has ordered the Department of Tourism (DOT) to come up with a better slogan following the Pilipinas Kay Ganda (Philippines What a Beauty).